For starters, you need to know two things. One, the study of rocks is called geology. The other thing is that there are three main kinds of rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.
Igneous rocks are formed over the cooling of magma. One example of an Igneous rock is Obsidian. Now that you know how an Igneous rock is formed, here is a more complex meaning. The magma chamber in a volcano heats up and erupts. Then all the lava and magma slowly turns into Igneous rocks.
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Sedimentary rocks are formed over deposition in the earth's crust. One example of a Sedimentary rock is limestone. Now that I gave you the base on how Sedimentary rocks are formed, here is a more complex version. On a mountain the rocks are tumbling down hill. They fall into a hole or stack up on one another. Then water, wind or ice covers it up and over time it turns into a Sedimentary rock.
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Metamorphic rocks are formed when pre-existing rocks change to the environment. One example of a Metamorphic rock is quartzite. Now that you know how metamorphic rocks are formed here is a more complex version. Igneous or Sedimentary rocks are changed by heat and pressure of the atmosphere and the earth's crust. The rocks then change by molding or decaying from the heat for Igneous rocks and pressure for Sedimentary rocks. The rock is then metamorphic because it has none of the properties of the old rock it has turned from.
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